Danish VAT representation

When a company operates outside the EU but sells goods or services in Denmark, appointing a Danish fiscal representative becomes a requirement.
Many European countries require non-EU companies to appoint a local representative to handle their VAT registration obligations. This representative will manage your VAT affairs in Denmark and share responsibility for complying with Danish VAT requirements. Generally, the fiscal representative takes on joint and several liabilities for the company's VAT obligations.
Whether a fiscal representative in Denmark is needed depends on your company's geographical location. If a company must register for VAT in another country because of its business activities, it may be essential to appoint a local tax representative.
Fiscal representation explained
A fiscal representation service involves one company representing another that intends to import its goods into the European Union. This arrangement allows the importing company to navigate the complexities of EU regulations and compliance requirements more effectively.
A specific tax known as Value Added Tax (VAT) is implemented within the European Union. Companies are required by EU regulations to establish a physical presence in the EU to manage VAT procedures at customs effectively. This requirement ensures proper compliance with tax obligations during the importation process.
Managing VAT returns and remitting the necessary VAT amounts to the authorities falls under VAT representation. Additionally, this service includes submitting the required Intrastat European Sales statements whenever applicable, ensuring compliance with regulatory obligations.
Fiscal representation can be classified into two primary categories: general and limited.
For companies engaged in importing goods into Denmark, general fiscal representation serves as an essential solution, especially when limited fiscal representation is impractical. This situation often arises during transactions involving other EU Member States or when importing goods from outside the European Union.
An Article 23 permit, issued by the Danish tax authorities, enables companies to apply the reverse charge mechanism for VAT on imports. This means that VAT does not need to be settled at the time of importation and can instead be reported in the VAT return. However, this permit is exclusively available to non-Danish companies that have designated a general fiscal representative.
The role of a general tax representative is filled by a Danish entity responsible for managing all VAT-related transactions on behalf of a foreign company operating in Denmark. This position is often taken by customs agents, logistics companies, or accountants, as they are tasked with handling logistics and ensuring compliance with Danish VAT regulations. Furthermore, the general tax representative must provide surety to the Danish tax authorities, typically amounting to the VAT that the foreign company is anticipated to owe in a given quarter.
However, the liability of the representative goes beyond just the surety amount, as tax authorities can reevaluate VAT payments for the past five years. This reassessment may result in a liability that could be up to five times the original surety amount. To reduce this risk, general tax representatives frequently demand a corresponding surety from their foreign clients.

By allowing the import of goods into the EU without the immediate payment of import VAT, limited fiscal representation offers a significant liquidity advantage. A tax representative with limited authority is solely permitted to act on behalf of a non-resident company for the purpose of importing goods and reaping the subsequent benefits associated with those goods.
Additionally, a single license provided by limited fiscal representation facilitates the straightforward inclusion of new clients under the existing authorization. This approach enables us to act as fiscal agents for businesses that import products into the EU.
By utilizing tax representation, your company can gain support in building a competitive position within the European Union.
When do you need to register for VAT in Denmark?
The criteria for VAT registration in Denmark closely align with those of other EU member states, thanks to the harmonization of VAT regulations across the European Union. VAT registration in Denmark is required in several situations, including:
- Offering services that are subject to VAT.
- Conducting sales and purchases of goods within Denmark or selling goods from Denmark to other countries.
- Importing goods into other EU countries via Denmark.
- Organizing live events.
- Storing goods within Denmark.
- Receiving services on a reverse-charge basis when the company is not registered for VAT.

Furthermore, foreign companies engaging in Business-to-Consumer (B2C) transactions in Denmark must register for VAT if their sales exceed the intra-Community sales threshold and they are not accounting for VAT through the VAT One-Stop Shop (OSS) scheme.
Companies that generated less than DKK 50,000 in revenue over the past 12 months are not obligated to register for VAT in Denmark, although they may choose to do so. On the other hand, if a company's revenue exceeds DKK 50,000 and it is not already registered for VAT, it must complete the registration as soon as possible. Additionally, businesses expecting to reach this revenue threshold should register for VAT at least 8 days before starting their operations.
Entities or individuals involved in activities exempt from VAT according to Danish law are not required to register. Typical examples of these exemptions include:
- educational services,
- healthcare services, such as medical and dental care,
- financial services, including banking and insurance,
- cultural activities, which encompass certain types of art and entertainment,
- charitable organizations offering specific social services.
Additionally, certain small agricultural businesses have the option to choose a flat-rate VAT scheme rather than standard VAT registration, simplifying their VAT responsibilities. It's important to mention that although these entities are not required to register for VAT, they may still elect to do so voluntarily if it proves advantageous for their operations.
To complete the VAT registration process in Denmark, foreign entrepreneurs can fill out a form on virk.dk. Upon successful registration, they will receive a Danish VAT number, known as a DK-nummer, which will be sent to the specified mailing address.
When a company operates outside Denmark and offers taxable goods or services within the country, it may be required to obtain a non-resident VAT registration. This obligation is aligned with the EU VAT directive, which requires foreign businesses to register for VAT under specific circumstances to report taxable transactions and declare the applicable VAT charges.
Selecting a tax representative
A Danish tax representative may need to be appointed by a foreign company conducting transactions in Denmark that are subject to Danish VAT.
It is mandatory to appoint a tax representative based in Denmark. This requirement applies to all companies located outside the European Union that engage in transactions subject to taxation in Denmark, including:
- exporting goods from Denmark to non-EU countries,
- purchasing goods supplied in Denmark from EU member states,
- importing goods from non-EU countries into Denmark,
- business-to-Business (B2B) supplies of goods from Denmark to EU member states,
- business-to-Consumer (B2C) supplies of goods and services to Danish individuals, including transactions conducted through marketplaces.

A fiscal representative based in Denmark will manage the company's VAT obligations with the Danish tax authorities on its behalf. This role encompasses filing VAT returns, making VAT payments, requesting VAT refunds, and conducting tax audits.
Additionally, it's crucial to understand that European partners—such as providers, suppliers, customers, and marketplaces—often refuse to work with non-European companies that have not designated a tax representative in Denmark, viewing it as too risky for their operations.
Failing to designate a tax agent can lead to significant penalties imposed by the Danish tax authority and makes companies ineligible for VAT refunds.
Which services are included in Danish fiscal representation?
Fiscal representation services encompass the following:
- Assisting with the recovery of Danish VAT paid on local purchases, including the preparation and submission of VAT refund claims for non-resident companies.
- Preparing and submitting periodic VAT returns to the Danish tax authorities (SKAT).
- Ensuring compliance with local regulations related to invoicing, VAT handling, accounting protocols, and VAT reporting and payments.
- Managing inquiries and tax audits conducted by local VAT authorities.
- Aiding foreign businesses in VAT registration in Denmark.
- Handling the payment of VAT owed to the Danish tax authorities on behalf of the foreign company.
- Providing necessary reports and documentation required by Danish tax authorities, including annual returns and any additional reporting obligations.
- Ensuring 'VAT compliance' with domestic fiscal regulations.
- Serving as a liaison between the foreign company and Danish tax authorities.
Companies that require fiscal representation in Denmark
Evaluating compliance obligations and registering appropriately before starting any taxable transactions is essential for all companies operating in Denmark, if necessary.
Companies engaging in taxable transactions in Denmark are required to register as VAT payers, report taxable transactions, and remit VAT. While businesses within the European Union have the option to handle these processes independently or through a tax agent, those located outside the European Union must utilize a tax representative to comply with administrative obligations.
A fiscal representative must be appointed in Denmark by companies located outside the EU. Since the representative shares joint liability with the non-resident company, the client may need to provide a bank guarantee or security deposit in favor of the representative.
Businesses located in the EU, as well as those in Norway, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland, can choose to register directly with the relevant local VAT authorities. Although engaging a Danish fiscal representative is not mandatory, non-resident companies may prefer to assign the often complex and time-consuming tasks to a local representative.
An address for the relevant company will be provided at our location, and we will take care of all paperwork in Danish while managing all communication with local authorities. It’s important to mention that the cost of this service is lower for EU-based companies, as they are not subject to joint liability.
Why opt for a tax representative in Denmark?
Direct VAT registration in Denmark is not available to non-European companies; they must instead work through a Danish VAT representative. This representative, usually a local company, acts on behalf of the non-resident firm with the local VAT authorities. They are responsible for ensuring compliance with all VAT obligations, even those that may not have been communicated to them. As a result, they may require a deposit, such as a bank guarantee, from you prior to agreeing to provide representation.
In Denmark, foreign companies can enter the market through tax representation, allowing them to bypass the costs and challenges associated with establishing a business. This process involves avoiding the need to create a corporate structure and handle distinct accounting practices.
While European companies do not have to appoint a Danish VAT representative, they have the option to engage an agent to manage tax matters with local authorities, which streamlines their dealings. In these cases, a bank guarantee is not necessary. Nevertheless, the company remains entirely accountable for fulfilling its VAT responsibilities.
The VAT representative oversees the entire operation from abroad, managing all VAT-related responsibilities required by the Danish tax authorities. This includes acquiring a VAT number, submitting periodic declarations and VAT payments, and handling requests for VAT refunds, among other tasks.
In addition to meeting legal obligations, Danish VAT representation offers a simple and economical alternative to setting up a physical presence by creating a branch or subsidiary. Specifically, a foreign company that designates a tax representative in Denmark is exempt from paying corporate tax in the country.
Assigning VAT duties to a tax representative in Denmark
Assigning VAT responsibilities to a fiscal representative in Denmark is crucial for protecting your operations, minimizing your company's administrative burden, and effectively managing tax risks within the country.
It is a common practice for businesses, particularly foreign companies, to delegate VAT responsibilities to a tax representative when operating in a country where they lack a physical presence or adequate understanding of local VAT regulations.
The responsibilities for VAT that are most frequently assigned to a tax representative include the following:
- VAT registration: Managing the registration process for VAT in the relevant jurisdiction.
- VAT returns: Preparing and filing periodic VAT returns with the tax authorities.
- VAT payments: Ensuring that VAT payments are made on time.
- Invoicing compliance: Verifying that invoices adhere to local VAT regulations.
- Record keeping: Keeping accurate records and documentation related to VAT.
- Communication with tax authorities: Serving as the primary contact for tax-related inquiries and audits.
- VAT refunds: Overseeing the process of reclaiming VAT on eligible expenditures.
- Customs and import VAT: Managing import VAT and customs duties, including applying the reverse charge mechanism when applicable.
- Ongoing compliance: Keeping track of changes in VAT legislation to ensure continuous compliance.

The rules surrounding Intra-Community and Danish VAT are complex and subject to frequent changes. The requirements for declarations occur regularly and vary in their frequency. Non-compliance, delays, and errors in cash flow assessments can quickly lead to significant financial penalties.
To prevent unnecessary risks and stress, consider entrusting the management of your VAT obligations to professionals.
Legal framework for VAT representation in Denmark (Danish VAT Act and EU rules)
Danish VAT representation is governed by both national Danish legislation and EU-wide VAT rules. Understanding this framework is essential for foreign companies that sell goods or services in Denmark and need to ensure full VAT compliance.
Danish VAT Act – core rules for foreign businesses
The main source of law is the Danish VAT Act (Momsloven), which implements the EU VAT Directive into Danish law. The Act defines when a business is considered taxable in Denmark, which transactions are subject to Danish VAT, and when a foreign company must register or appoint a VAT representative.
Key elements of the Danish VAT Act relevant for foreign companies include:
- Standard VAT rate of 25% applied to most supplies of goods and services
- Exemptions for specific sectors such as financial services, insurance, certain health and education services, and some cultural activities
- Rules on place of supply for goods and services, including distance sales and cross-border B2B services
- Obligation for non-established businesses to register for VAT when they carry out taxable supplies in Denmark that are not fully covered by reverse charge
- Possibility or obligation to appoint a fiscal representative for certain non-EU businesses
Interaction with EU VAT rules
As an EU Member State, Denmark applies the common EU VAT framework set out in the EU VAT Directive and related regulations. This ensures that Danish VAT rules are aligned with those in other EU countries, particularly regarding:
- Definitions of taxable person, taxable transaction and place of supply
- Intra-Community supplies and acquisitions of goods
- Reverse charge mechanisms for cross-border B2B services and certain domestic supplies
- Special schemes such as the One Stop Shop (OSS) and Import One Stop Shop (IOSS) for cross-border B2C sales
For EU-established businesses, this means that Danish VAT registration and reporting must be coordinated with their obligations in other Member States, especially when using OSS or IOSS schemes.
When fiscal representation is required under Danish law
Danish rules distinguish between EU and non-EU businesses:
- EU-established companies can generally register directly for Danish VAT without appointing a fiscal representative. They are treated similarly to Danish businesses for VAT purposes.
- Non-EU companies may be required to appoint a Danish fiscal representative when they register for VAT, depending on the type of activities they carry out and whether Denmark has a cooperation agreement with the country of establishment.
The fiscal representative acts as the local contact point for the Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen) and may be jointly and severally liable for the foreign company’s VAT obligations, depending on the registration setup and the risk assessment by the authorities.
Joint and several liability of the fiscal representative
Under the Danish VAT Act, the tax authorities can require that a fiscal representative assumes joint and several liability for the foreign company’s Danish VAT debts. This means that the representative can be held financially responsible for unpaid VAT, interest and penalties arising from the represented company’s activities in Denmark.
Because of this potential liability, Danish fiscal representatives typically implement strict onboarding procedures, including:
- Verification of the foreign company’s registration and ownership structure
- Assessment of the planned business model and transaction flows in Denmark
- Internal risk assessment and, where relevant, security or deposit arrangements
EU special schemes: OSS and IOSS in the Danish context
Danish VAT law incorporates the EU special schemes for cross-border B2C sales:
- Union OSS for EU businesses selling B2C services and intra-EU distance sales of goods
- Non-Union OSS for non-EU businesses supplying B2C services within the EU
- IOSS for distance sales of imported goods in consignments not exceeding EUR 150
When a business uses OSS or IOSS, Danish VAT on relevant B2C supplies is reported via the Member State of identification rather than through a local Danish VAT return. In such cases, a separate Danish VAT registration or fiscal representative may not be required for those specific OSS/IOSS-covered transactions, but may still be needed for other local activities (for example, warehousing or domestic supplies not covered by the schemes).
Compliance and documentation requirements
The legal framework obliges both the foreign company and its Danish fiscal representative, where appointed, to comply with Danish bookkeeping and documentation rules. This includes:
- Issuing invoices that meet Danish and EU VAT invoice requirements
- Maintaining accounting records and supporting documents for at least the minimum retention period required by Danish law
- Submitting VAT returns and, where relevant, EC Sales Lists and Intrastat declarations
- Cooperating with the Danish Tax Agency during audits and information requests
A well-structured fiscal representation agreement should clearly allocate these responsibilities, while remaining fully aligned with the Danish VAT Act and applicable EU rules.
Types of VAT registration in Denmark (local, non-established, OSS/IOSS)
Danish VAT registration rules distinguish between several types of registrations, depending on whether your business is established in Denmark, operates there without a fixed establishment, or sells to Danish consumers via cross‑border e‑commerce. Understanding the differences between local VAT registration, non‑established registration and OSS/IOSS is essential for choosing the most efficient and compliant setup.
Local VAT registration for Danish‑established businesses
Local VAT registration applies to companies that have a fixed establishment in Denmark, such as a registered office, branch, warehouse or permanent staff. These businesses obtain a Danish CVR number and are fully integrated into the Danish tax system.
Local registration is typically required when you:
- Carry out taxable supplies of goods or services in Denmark on a regular basis
- Operate a warehouse or production facility in Denmark
- Have employees working in Denmark who perform taxable activities
Once registered, the business must charge 25% Danish VAT on taxable supplies, issue invoices that comply with Danish rules, file periodic VAT returns and keep accounting records in line with Danish bookkeeping requirements.
Non‑established VAT registration in Denmark
Non‑resident companies without a fixed establishment in Denmark may still be required to register for Danish VAT. This is known as non‑established VAT registration and is common for foreign suppliers that trade with Danish customers.
Typical situations where a non‑established VAT registration is needed include:
- Holding stock in Denmark for local deliveries (for example, via a warehouse or fulfilment centre)
- Organising events, fairs or conferences in Denmark and charging admission fees
- Supplying installation or assembly services of goods in Denmark
- Making domestic supplies where the reverse charge does not apply
For non‑EU businesses, Danish law often requires the appointment of a fiscal representative who is jointly and severally liable for the VAT. EU businesses can usually register directly, but may still choose a Danish VAT representative for practical reasons, such as communication with the tax authorities and handling of Danish‑language correspondence.
OSS (One Stop Shop) for cross‑border B2C services and distance sales
The EU One Stop Shop (OSS) scheme allows EU‑established businesses to declare and pay VAT due on B2C supplies in other EU countries through a single electronic portal in their country of identification. Denmark follows the EU OSS rules.
OSS can be used for:
- Cross‑border B2C distance sales of goods within the EU (from one EU country to consumers in other EU countries)
- Certain B2C services supplied to consumers in other EU member states, where VAT is due in the consumer’s country
The EU‑wide threshold for cross‑border B2C distance sales of goods and certain services is EUR 10,000 in a calendar year (excluding VAT). Once this threshold is exceeded, VAT is due in the customer’s member state, and OSS can be used to simplify compliance instead of registering in each country separately.
However, OSS does not cover all types of transactions. It cannot be used for:
- Domestic supplies in Denmark (for example, local sales from Danish stock to Danish customers)
- B2B supplies where the reverse charge applies
- Imports of goods from non‑EU countries
In these cases, a local or non‑established Danish VAT registration may still be required, even if you are already using OSS in another EU country.
IOSS (Import One Stop Shop) for low‑value consignments
The Import One Stop Shop (IOSS) is an EU scheme for declaring VAT on distance sales of goods imported from non‑EU countries to EU consumers, where the intrinsic value of each consignment does not exceed EUR 150.
Using IOSS for sales to Danish consumers offers several advantages:
- Danish VAT is charged at checkout, giving customers price transparency
- Goods are released faster at customs because import VAT is not collected at the border
- VAT on all eligible EU imports is reported in a single monthly IOSS return
Non‑EU businesses that wish to use IOSS for sales to Denmark must generally appoint an EU‑established intermediary. Danish VAT rules apply to the Danish portion of IOSS sales, including the 25% standard VAT rate on most goods.
IOSS cannot be used for consignments above EUR 150, excise goods (such as alcohol and tobacco) or B2B imports. For these transactions, standard import VAT and customs procedures apply, and a Danish VAT registration may be necessary if you act as the importer of record or make subsequent domestic supplies.
Choosing the right VAT registration route for Denmark
The optimal VAT registration type depends on your business model, supply chain and customer base:
- Businesses with a permanent presence in Denmark usually need a local VAT registration
- Foreign companies trading in Denmark without a fixed establishment often require a non‑established VAT registration, sometimes with a fiscal representative
- EU‑based e‑commerce sellers can use OSS for cross‑border B2C sales to Danish consumers, but may still need Danish registration for local stock or domestic supplies
- Non‑EU sellers shipping low‑value goods to Danish consumers can benefit from IOSS to simplify import VAT handling
A Danish VAT representative can help assess which combination of local registration, non‑established registration and OSS/IOSS best fits your activities, ensuring full compliance while avoiding unnecessary registrations and administrative burdens.
VAT registration process and required documentation for foreign companies
Foreign businesses that make taxable supplies in Denmark must in many cases register for Danish VAT (moms) with the Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen). The procedure is relatively straightforward, but timing and documentation are critical. Below you will find a practical overview of how the VAT registration process works and which documents are typically required when you appoint a Danish fiscal representative.
1. When a foreign company must register for Danish VAT
A non-established business (no fixed establishment in Denmark) is generally required to register for VAT if it:
- supplies goods from a warehouse or consignment stock located in Denmark
- performs installation or assembly of goods in Denmark
- organises events, fairs or conferences in Denmark and charges admission
- provides B2C services subject to Danish VAT (for example certain digital services not covered by OSS, or local services to private individuals)
- carries out distance sales of goods to Danish consumers above the EU-wide EUR 10,000 threshold and does not use the OSS scheme
In many of these cases, non-EU companies must appoint a Danish fiscal representative. EU businesses may register directly, but often still choose a representative for practical reasons.
2. Overview of the Danish VAT registration process
VAT registration is done electronically via the Danish Business Authority (Erhvervsstyrelsen) and the Danish Tax Agency. When you work with a Danish fiscal representative, they will normally handle the full process on your behalf:
- Initial assessment – analysis of your supply chain, customer base and contracts to confirm that Danish VAT registration is required and to determine the correct VAT treatment (local registration, OSS/IOSS, import scheme).
- Collection of documents – gathering corporate documents, identification of directors and authorised signatories, and powers of attorney for the representative.
- Online application – submission of the VAT registration form for foreign businesses, including information about expected turnover, activities in Denmark and bank details for VAT refunds.
- Review by the authorities – Skattestyrelsen may request clarifications, additional documents or security (a financial guarantee) in certain cases, especially for non-EU companies.
- Issuance of Danish VAT number (CVR/SE number) – once approved, your company receives a Danish VAT number, which must be shown on invoices and used in all communication with Danish authorities.
- Onboarding to e-tax systems – activation of access to the online tax portal, set-up of reporting periods and agreement on internal processes for invoicing, bookkeeping and VAT filings.
3. Key information required in the VAT application
To complete the registration, the authorities require detailed information about the foreign company and its planned activities in Denmark, including:
- full legal name, trade name and registered address of the company
- country of establishment and foreign tax identification number
- legal form (for example limited company, partnership, branch)
- description of business activities and type of supplies in Denmark (goods, services, e-commerce, events, construction, etc.)
- expected annual turnover in Denmark in Danish kroner (DKK)
- start date of taxable activities in Denmark
- details of Danish customers or business partners, where relevant
- bank account details (IBAN, BIC/SWIFT) for VAT refunds
- contact person for tax matters and communication language preferences
4. Typical documentation required from foreign companies
The exact list can vary depending on the company’s country of establishment and risk profile, but the following documents are commonly requested when registering for Danish VAT through a fiscal representative:
- certificate of incorporation or extract from the trade register (recent, usually not older than 3–6 months)
- articles of association or statutes, if available
- copy of the company’s VAT registration certificate in its home country (if applicable)
- copy of passports or national ID cards of directors and ultimate beneficial owners (UBOs), in line with anti‑money‑laundering rules
- proof of the company’s registered address (for example utility bill, lease agreement or official registration document)
- signed power of attorney authorising the Danish fiscal representative to act before Skattestyrelsen
- sample contracts, order forms or framework agreements with Danish customers or logistics providers, where these clarify the nature of the supplies
- evidence of activities in Denmark, such as warehouse agreements, event venue contracts, or shipping and logistics documentation
Documents in languages other than Danish or English may need to be translated. In some cases, notarisation or an apostille may be required, particularly for documents issued outside the EU.
5. Registration timelines and effective date
Once the complete application and documentation have been submitted, processing times typically range from a few weeks, depending on the complexity of the case and any additional checks by the authorities. The effective date of registration is usually the date on which the company started carrying out taxable activities in Denmark, not the date of approval.
This means that VAT may be due retroactively from the start of activities. A fiscal representative helps ensure that registration is initiated in time and that any retroactive VAT is correctly reported and paid.
6. After registration: practical steps for compliance
After obtaining a Danish VAT number, a foreign company must adapt its internal processes to Danish rules. With the support of a fiscal representative, this typically includes:
- issuing invoices that comply with Danish VAT invoicing requirements, including the correct 25% standard VAT rate where applicable
- implementing a chart of accounts and bookkeeping procedures that allow correct allocation of Danish output and input VAT
- setting up systems to capture all Danish transactions, including imports, intra‑Community acquisitions and reverse‑charge supplies
- aligning reporting periods and deadlines with the Danish VAT calendar assigned by Skattestyrelsen
- monitoring turnover and transaction patterns to ensure the chosen registration type (local VAT, OSS, IOSS) remains appropriate
7. Role of the fiscal representative in the registration process
A Danish fiscal representative acts as the main point of contact with the tax authorities throughout the registration process. They:
- assess whether and when Danish VAT registration is required
- prepare and submit all forms and supporting documents
- handle questions and additional information requests from Skattestyrelsen
- set up reporting and payment routines once the VAT number is issued
- ensure that the registration details remain up to date (for example changes in address, activities or ownership)
This reduces the risk of delays, incomplete applications and non‑compliance, and allows foreign companies to focus on their core business while meeting all Danish VAT obligations.
Obligations and liabilities of a Danish fiscal representative
A Danish fiscal representative acts as the official point of contact between your foreign company and the Danish tax authorities (Skattestyrelsen). This role comes with clearly defined obligations and, in many cases, shared liability for your Danish VAT position. Understanding these responsibilities is crucial before appointing a representative and signing a mandate.
Core VAT compliance duties
The primary obligation of a Danish fiscal representative is to ensure that your company complies with Danish VAT rules under the Danish VAT Act and relevant EU legislation. In practice, this typically includes:
- Applying for Danish VAT registration (including any changes to registration details)
- Monitoring whether your activities trigger or end a Danish VAT registration obligation
- Preparing and submitting periodic VAT returns within the applicable deadlines
- Calculating output VAT and input VAT according to Danish rules
- Submitting EC Sales Lists and Intrastat reports where required
- Ensuring correct use of Danish VAT rates (standard 25% and applicable exemptions)
- Handling VAT deregistration when your activities in Denmark cease
Invoicing and record-keeping
Your fiscal representative must help ensure that your invoices meet Danish invoicing requirements. This includes correct VAT numbers, VAT treatment, and mandatory invoice content for B2B and B2C transactions. The representative will typically:
- Review or set up invoicing procedures to ensure correct VAT treatment
- Advise on when to charge Danish VAT and when to apply reverse charge
- Support implementation of compliant invoicing software or ERP settings
Under Danish rules, accounting records and VAT documentation must generally be kept for at least five years. The fiscal representative usually assists with setting up and maintaining this documentation in a way that is acceptable to the Danish tax authorities and easily accessible in case of audit.
Communication with Danish tax authorities
A key obligation of a Danish fiscal representative is to act as your official liaison with Skattestyrelsen. This typically covers:
- Receiving and responding to correspondence from the tax authorities
- Handling questions, clarifications and requests for additional documentation
- Managing VAT audits and inspections on your behalf
- Submitting corrections or supplementary VAT returns when needed
In many cases, the representative is granted a formal power of attorney, allowing them to act in your name in electronic systems and in written communication with the authorities.
Payment and refund handling
The fiscal representative is usually responsible for monitoring VAT payment deadlines and ensuring that VAT is paid on time to avoid interest and penalties. Their role often includes:
- Calculating VAT payable or refundable for each period
- Informing you of payment amounts and due dates
- Coordinating bank transfers or arranging direct payment solutions
- Following up on VAT refunds due from the Danish tax authorities
Although the foreign company remains the economic owner of any VAT refunds, the representative may be involved in verifying refund calculations and providing supporting documentation to Skattestyrelsen.
Liability for VAT and penalties
Depending on the specific arrangement and the type of registration, a Danish fiscal representative may be jointly and severally liable with the foreign company for VAT debts, interest and certain penalties. This means that if the foreign company does not pay its Danish VAT, the tax authorities may claim the outstanding amounts from the representative.
Because of this potential liability, reputable Danish representatives typically:
- Carry out a basic risk assessment of new clients
- Require clear contractual terms defining responsibilities and information flows
- May request security deposits, bank guarantees or advance payments in higher-risk cases
The representative’s liability does not remove the foreign company’s own responsibility. Your business remains fully liable for correct reporting, timely payments and the accuracy of the information provided to the representative.
Duty to monitor and advise
A professional Danish fiscal representative is expected to monitor changes in Danish VAT legislation and administrative practice that affect your business. Their obligations typically include:
- Informing you about relevant changes in VAT rules, thresholds or reporting requirements
- Advising on how new regulations impact your supply chains, pricing and contracts
- Recommending adjustments to your invoicing, ERP settings or logistics flows
They must also react if they become aware of errors or non-compliance. This can involve proposing voluntary corrections, submitting amended VAT returns and, where necessary, disclosing issues to Skattestyrelsen to limit penalties.
Information and cooperation duties of the foreign company
The representative’s ability to fulfil their obligations depends on the quality and timeliness of the information they receive from you. In most mandates, the foreign company commits to:
- Providing complete and accurate transaction data for each VAT period
- Sharing contracts, price lists and logistics information relevant for VAT treatment
- Informing the representative in advance about new business models, products or markets
- Responding promptly to questions and document requests
If the foreign company withholds information or submits incomplete data, the representative may not be able to ensure compliance and may limit or terminate the mandate to protect themselves from liability.
Contractual framework and limitations
The exact scope of obligations and liabilities is defined in the fiscal representation agreement. This contract usually specifies:
- Which VAT-related tasks the representative will perform
- What information and documents the foreign company must provide and by when
- Who is responsible for payments, interest and penalties in different scenarios
- Conditions for termination of the representation and transfer of records
While the contract can allocate responsibilities between the parties, it cannot remove obligations imposed by Danish law. From the perspective of Skattestyrelsen, both the foreign company and, where applicable, the fiscal representative can be held accountable for non-compliance.
Choosing a Danish fiscal representative therefore means more than outsourcing administrative work. You are appointing a regulated intermediary who shares responsibility for your VAT position in Denmark and must actively safeguard your compliance with Danish VAT rules.
How Danish VAT rates and exemptions apply to foreign businesses
Danish VAT rules apply to foreign businesses in largely the same way as to Danish companies, but there are important practical differences depending on whether you are VAT-registered in Denmark and whether you have a fixed establishment in the country. Understanding how the Danish VAT rate and exemptions work is essential to pricing, invoicing and avoiding unexpected VAT costs.
Standard Danish VAT rate
Denmark applies a single standard VAT rate of 25% to most supplies of goods and services. There are no reduced VAT rates (for example, there is no lower rate for food, books or hotel accommodation). For foreign businesses this means that, in most cases, any taxable supply connected with Denmark will be subject to 25% VAT unless a specific exemption or reverse charge rule applies.
Key examples of supplies normally subject to 25% Danish VAT for foreign businesses include:
- Sales of goods from a stock located in Denmark to Danish or EU customers
- Domestic supplies of services to private individuals in Denmark (B2C), such as consultancy, digital services and event organisation
- Installation or assembly of goods in Denmark
- Admission to physical events taking place in Denmark (trade fairs, conferences, cultural or sporting events)
VAT-exempt activities relevant to foreign companies
Some activities are exempt from Danish VAT. When a supply is exempt, no VAT is charged on the invoice, but the supplier usually cannot deduct input VAT related to that exempt activity. This can be a cost for foreign businesses operating in these sectors.
Important Danish VAT exemptions include, among others:
- Most financial and insurance services (for example, granting and negotiating credit, payment services, life insurance)
- Healthcare and medical treatment provided by authorised professionals
- Education and certain training services that meet specific conditions
- Rental of real estate, except for short-term accommodation and commercial leasing where VAT is opted in
- Certain cultural, sports and non-profit activities, subject to conditions
Foreign businesses providing exempt services in Denmark may not need to charge Danish VAT, but they also risk not being able to recover Danish input VAT on related costs. A Danish VAT representative can help assess whether your services are fully exempt, partly exempt or outside the scope of Danish VAT.
When foreign businesses must charge Danish VAT
Whether a foreign supplier must charge Danish VAT depends mainly on the place-of-supply rules and whether the reverse charge applies. Typical situations where a non-Danish business may need to charge 25% Danish VAT include:
- Sales of goods from a warehouse or consignment stock in Denmark to Danish customers, where the customer is not required to apply reverse charge
- B2C services where the place of supply is Denmark (for example, certain digital or electronic services to Danish consumers when not using the EU OSS scheme)
- Admission to events in Denmark and related ancillary services, both B2B and B2C, if the customer is not obliged to self-account for VAT
- Local supplies to private individuals after importing goods into Denmark
In these cases, the foreign business must register for VAT in Denmark (unless covered by special EU schemes such as OSS/IOSS) and issue Danish VAT invoices. A Danish fiscal representative can handle the registration, invoicing rules and periodic VAT returns.
Reverse charge and foreign B2B supplies
For many B2B supplies made by foreign companies to Danish VAT-registered customers, the reverse charge mechanism shifts the obligation to account for VAT from the supplier to the Danish customer. In such cases, the foreign supplier does not charge Danish VAT but must ensure that:
- The customer’s Danish VAT number is valid and recorded
- The invoice clearly states that reverse charge applies under Danish or EU rules
Reverse charge is particularly relevant for:
- Cross-border B2B services where the general place-of-supply rule applies (customer’s location)
- Certain supplies of goods and services within Denmark by non-established businesses to Danish VAT-registered customers, depending on the specific sector and transaction
Correctly applying reverse charge can remove the need for Danish VAT registration in some cases, but incorrect use can lead to assessments and penalties. Professional VAT representation helps determine when reverse charge is available and how to document it.
Input VAT deduction for non-resident businesses
Foreign businesses that are VAT-registered in Denmark can generally deduct Danish input VAT on costs that are directly related to their taxable activities, in the same way as Danish companies. Input VAT can be offset in the Danish VAT return against output VAT charged to customers.
Foreign businesses that are not VAT-registered in Denmark may still recover Danish VAT through:
- The EU VAT refund procedure (for EU-established companies)
- The 13th Directive refund procedure (for non-EU companies), subject to reciprocity and specific Danish conditions
However, input VAT linked to exempt activities or non-business use is not recoverable. A Danish VAT representative can review your cost structure and determine which Danish VAT is deductible, which must be adjusted through partial exemption, and which is non-recoverable.
Practical impact on pricing and contracts
How Danish VAT rates and exemptions apply to your business has direct consequences for pricing, contract terms and cash flow. Foreign suppliers should:
- Clarify in contracts whether prices are quoted inclusive or exclusive of Danish VAT
- Identify whether the customer is a business or consumer and whether they are VAT-registered in Denmark
- Determine if the supply is taxable, exempt or subject to reverse charge before issuing invoices
- Assess whether Danish VAT on local costs (storage, logistics, marketing, professional services) will be recoverable
A Danish VAT representative helps foreign companies interpret the rules, decide when 25% VAT must be charged, identify applicable exemptions and secure the right to deduct or refund Danish input VAT. This reduces the risk of undercharging VAT, losing input VAT or facing assessments from the Danish tax authorities.
VAT compliance calendar in Denmark: deadlines and reporting frequency
Staying compliant with the Danish VAT compliance calendar is crucial for avoiding penalties and interest. Denmark has clear rules on how often foreign businesses must file VAT returns, make payments and submit supplementary reports such as EC Sales Lists and Intrastat declarations. The exact frequency depends mainly on your annual VAT-taxable turnover in Denmark and your type of activities.
Standard VAT return periods in Denmark
In Denmark, VAT returns are generally filed electronically via TastSelv Erhverv. The reporting frequency is linked to the size of your Danish turnover (exclusive of VAT):
- Monthly VAT returns – typically required for businesses with high annual VAT-taxable turnover. Monthly reporting is also often applied to foreign companies with significant or fast-growing Danish activities, especially in e-commerce, distance sales or regular B2B supplies.
- Quarterly VAT returns – usually for medium-sized businesses with moderate annual turnover in Denmark. Many foreign companies fall into this category when they start selling regularly to Danish customers.
- Half-yearly VAT returns – reserved for small businesses with low annual turnover. This regime is less common for non-resident companies, but it may apply where Danish activities are limited and sporadic.
The Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen) assigns the reporting frequency when your VAT registration is approved. It can later be changed if your turnover increases or decreases significantly. A Danish VAT representative can help you request a change of period if your current frequency no longer matches your business reality.
Deadlines for filing and paying Danish VAT
For each VAT period, there is a combined deadline for both filing the VAT return and paying any VAT due. The exact calendar day depends on whether you file monthly, quarterly or half-yearly, but in all cases the deadline falls after the end of the period, giving you time to collect data and reconcile your accounts.
As a rule, the VAT return must be submitted and the VAT must be paid no later than the statutory deadline communicated by the Danish Tax Agency for your specific reporting frequency. Late filing or late payment triggers:
- Interest on overdue VAT
- Possible surcharges for non-compliance
- In serious or repeated cases, a risk of deregistration or intensified audits
Foreign companies should factor in bank processing times and currency conversion when paying Danish VAT from abroad. Using a Danish VAT representative helps ensure that payments reach the tax authorities on time and are correctly referenced to your Danish VAT number.
EC Sales Lists (ESL) and reverse charge reporting
If you supply goods or certain services to VAT-registered customers in other EU Member States from Denmark, you may need to submit EC Sales Lists in addition to your Danish VAT returns. The ESL summarises:
- VAT numbers of your EU business customers
- Total value of intra-Community supplies of goods
- Total value of services subject to the reverse charge in the customer’s Member State
EC Sales Lists are usually filed on a monthly basis when you have intra-Community supplies, even if your Danish VAT return is quarterly or half-yearly. The filing deadline is shortly after the end of the reporting month. Missing or incorrect ESL data can trigger questions from both Danish and foreign tax authorities, as these lists are cross-checked within the EU’s VAT information exchange system.
Intrastat declarations for goods movements
In addition to VAT reporting, businesses that move goods between Denmark and other EU countries may have to submit Intrastat declarations to Statistics Denmark. Intrastat is separate from VAT but often handled together in practice.
Intrastat obligations arise when your annual value of arrivals (imports from the EU) or dispatches (exports to the EU) exceeds the Danish Intrastat thresholds. Once you cross a threshold, you must file Intrastat returns, usually on a monthly basis, reporting:
- Values of goods moved
- Commodity codes (CN codes)
- Countries of origin and destination
- Nature of transaction and transport details
The deadlines for Intrastat are separate from VAT deadlines and are set by Statistics Denmark. Failing to submit Intrastat on time can result in reminders and potential penalties, even if your VAT returns are fully compliant.
Special timing rules for import VAT and customs
When goods are imported into Denmark from outside the EU, import VAT is typically due at the time of customs clearance. Depending on your setup, import VAT can be:
- Paid directly to Danish customs at import, or
- Accounted for via a deferred payment arrangement and then reported in your Danish VAT return as both output and input VAT (subject to deduction rules)
The timing of customs declarations, import VAT accounting and VAT return filing must be aligned. Errors in customs values or tariff classification can affect the VAT base and lead to later corrections and interest. A Danish VAT representative can coordinate customs brokers, import VAT accounting and VAT return deadlines to keep your compliance consistent.
Adjustments, corrections and late filings
If you discover errors after submitting a Danish VAT return, you are generally required to correct them in a subsequent return or, for significant mistakes, by submitting an amended return for the affected period. The timing of such corrections is important:
- Underpaid VAT should be corrected and paid as soon as possible to limit interest
- Overpaid VAT may be reclaimed, but only within the statutory limitation period
Repeated late filings or corrections can trigger increased scrutiny from the Danish Tax Agency and may lead to audits. A structured internal VAT calendar, maintained together with your Danish fiscal representative, helps reduce the risk of omissions and late adjustments.
How a Danish VAT representative helps you keep the calendar
For non-resident companies, Danish VAT deadlines can be challenging due to time zone differences, multiple currencies and parallel obligations in other countries. A local VAT representative can:
- Monitor your assigned reporting frequency and any changes communicated by the Danish Tax Agency
- Prepare and file VAT returns, EC Sales Lists and, where relevant, Intrastat declarations on time
- Coordinate payment dates and methods to ensure VAT reaches the authorities before the deadline
- Track limitation periods for corrections and refunds
- Align Danish VAT deadlines with your home-country tax calendar
By outsourcing the monitoring of the Danish VAT compliance calendar, you reduce the risk of missed deadlines, penalties and cash-flow surprises, while keeping your focus on commercial activities in the Danish market.
Handling import VAT and customs procedures with a Danish tax representative
Importing goods into Denmark can trigger both Danish import VAT and customs duties. For non-established businesses, working with a Danish tax representative significantly simplifies these procedures and reduces the risk of delays, penalties or blocked shipments at the border.
Import VAT on goods entering Denmark
When goods are imported into Denmark from outside the EU, Danish import VAT is generally due at the time of customs clearance. The standard Danish VAT rate is 25% and applies to most imported goods. Import VAT is normally calculated on the customs value of the goods, including transport, insurance and any customs duties up to the first place of destination in Denmark.
A Danish tax representative can help you:
- Determine the correct customs value and VAT base for your imports
- Apply the correct VAT rate and identify any applicable exemptions
- Ensure that the importer of record and VAT number used at customs match your Danish VAT registration
- Record import VAT correctly so it can be deducted as input VAT, where conditions are met
Postponed accounting of import VAT
In Denmark, businesses registered for VAT can usually use postponed accounting, meaning import VAT is not paid at the border but reported in the Danish VAT return instead. This improves cash flow, as import VAT is declared as both output and input VAT in the same VAT return, provided the business has full deduction rights.
Your Danish tax representative will typically:
- Set up postponed accounting for import VAT in line with your Danish VAT registration
- Reconcile customs data with your VAT returns to ensure all imports are correctly reported
- Monitor that import VAT is fully deductible or identify cases where deduction must be restricted
Customs classification, origin and valuation
Correct customs handling is essential to avoid underpayment or overpayment of duties and VAT. Errors in tariff classification or customs value are a frequent trigger for audits and reassessments.
A Danish tax representative, often in cooperation with customs brokers, can assist you with:
- Choosing the correct commodity codes (HS/TARIC) for your products
- Determining the origin of goods and applying any preferential duty rates under trade agreements
- Setting up robust valuation methods that comply with EU customs rules
- Preparing documentation to support classification, origin and value in case of customs checks
Cooperation with freight forwarders and customs brokers
Most imports into Denmark are handled operationally by freight forwarders or customs brokers. However, they rely on accurate VAT and customs instructions from the importer. Misalignment between logistics partners and your tax setup can lead to incorrect declarations and additional costs.
Your Danish tax representative can:
- Provide your freight forwarders with the correct Danish VAT number and EORI details
- Define standard instructions for customs declarations (incoterms, importer of record, VAT treatment)
- Review sample customs entries to ensure they are consistent with your contracts and invoices
- Resolve discrepancies between customs data, invoices and VAT reporting
Documentation and record-keeping for imports
To deduct import VAT and defend your position in a customs or VAT audit, you must keep complete and accurate records. This includes customs declarations, transport documents, commercial invoices and proof of payment of duties where applicable.
A Danish tax representative helps you establish and maintain a documentation framework that typically covers:
- Systematic archiving of customs declarations and import documents
- Clear links between customs entries, purchase invoices and VAT returns
- Internal controls to detect missing or incorrect import data
- Procedures for correcting errors through supplementary declarations or VAT adjustments
Importing goods for onward supply within the EU
Many foreign companies use Denmark as an entry point for goods that are then sold to customers in Denmark or other EU countries. This often involves complex chains of transactions, consignment stocks or call-off stocks.
Your Danish tax representative can support you by:
- Structuring import and subsequent supplies to apply the correct VAT treatment
- Coordinating import VAT with intra-Community supplies and acquisitions
- Ensuring that movements of goods are reflected in your Danish VAT returns and EC Sales Lists where required
- Advising on the interaction between Danish VAT rules and OSS/IOSS schemes for cross-border sales
Managing customs and VAT audits
Customs and VAT authorities in Denmark may review your import transactions to verify classification, valuation, origin and VAT treatment. In case of discrepancies, they can assess additional duties, VAT, interest and penalties.
With a Danish tax representative, you gain a local partner who can:
- Communicate directly with Danish customs and tax authorities on your behalf
- Prepare responses and documentation for audits and information requests
- Assess the impact of any adjustments on your VAT position and financial statements
- Help implement corrective measures to prevent similar issues in the future
By involving a Danish tax representative in your import VAT and customs procedures from the outset, you reduce operational risk, improve cash flow and ensure that your cross-border supply chain complies with Danish and EU rules.
Reverse charge mechanisms in Denmark and their impact on foreign suppliers
The reverse charge mechanism is a key element of Danish VAT rules that directly affects how foreign suppliers invoice Danish customers and report VAT. Instead of the supplier charging Danish VAT on the invoice, the obligation to account for VAT is shifted to the Danish customer, provided specific conditions are met. Understanding when reverse charge applies can determine whether you must register for VAT in Denmark or can operate without a local VAT number.
General reverse charge for B2B services
For most cross-border business-to-business (B2B) services supplied to Danish taxable persons, the place of supply is Denmark, but the VAT is accounted for by the Danish customer under the reverse charge mechanism. In these cases, you issue an invoice without Danish VAT, and the Danish customer self-assesses Danish VAT at the standard rate of 25% and, if entitled, deducts it as input VAT in the same VAT return.
This general B2B reverse charge typically applies to:
- Consulting, legal, accounting, engineering and other professional services
- Licensing of intellectual property and software (excluding some digital B2C services)
- Advertising, marketing and management services
- Telecommunication and electronically supplied services to Danish VAT-registered businesses
- Hiring of movable goods (other than means of transport in certain cases)
When the general B2B reverse charge applies, foreign suppliers usually do not need to register for VAT in Denmark solely for these services, provided they do not have a fixed establishment or other taxable activities in Denmark that require registration.
Reverse charge for goods and specific sectors
Denmark also applies reverse charge rules to certain domestic and cross-border transactions in goods and high-risk sectors to combat VAT fraud. These rules can significantly change how foreign suppliers structure their Danish operations.
Key examples include:
- Cross-border B2B supplies of goods within the EU: Intra-Community acquisitions in Denmark are generally subject to reverse charge for the Danish customer. The foreign EU supplier issues a zero-rated intra-Community supply invoice, and the Danish buyer accounts for 25% Danish VAT on the acquisition.
- Construction and building services: Many construction and installation services supplied to Danish VAT-registered customers are subject to reverse charge, meaning the Danish customer reports the VAT. Foreign construction companies working for Danish business clients often fall under these rules.
- Trading in certain high-risk goods: For specific categories such as mobile phones, integrated circuits and some electronic equipment, Denmark may apply domestic reverse charge to reduce carousel fraud. In such cases, the Danish business customer, not the supplier, accounts for VAT.
Where domestic reverse charge applies, foreign suppliers invoicing Danish VAT-registered customers do not charge Danish VAT but must ensure that the invoice clearly states that reverse charge applies and includes the customer’s Danish VAT number.
When reverse charge does not apply and VAT registration is required
Reverse charge does not cover all transactions. Foreign suppliers may still be required to register for VAT in Denmark in situations such as:
- B2C supplies of services to private individuals in Denmark that are not covered by special schemes (for example, some digital services if not using the OSS/IOSS systems)
- Domestic supplies of goods where the customer is not VAT-registered in Denmark
- Import of goods into Denmark where the foreign supplier acts as importer of record and sells locally
- Operation of a warehouse or stock in Denmark from which goods are supplied to Danish customers
In these cases, you must charge 25% Danish VAT on your invoices and comply with Danish VAT registration, reporting and payment obligations, even if you also have transactions that fall under reverse charge.
Impact on invoicing and contracts for foreign suppliers
The reverse charge mechanism has a direct impact on how foreign companies draft contracts and issue invoices to Danish customers. To apply reverse charge correctly, you should:
- Verify and record the Danish customer’s valid VAT number via the EU VIES system
- Indicate on the invoice that the reverse charge mechanism applies (for example, by adding “Reverse charge – VAT to be accounted for by the customer”)
- Ensure that the place of supply rules are correctly assessed for each service or supply of goods
- Clearly separate reverse-charged items from items subject to Danish VAT, if both occur on the same invoice
Incorrect invoicing, such as charging Danish VAT where reverse charge should apply or failing to apply reverse charge where required, can lead to VAT assessments, penalties and disputes with Danish customers who may be unable to deduct VAT that was wrongly charged.
Effect on cash flow and compliance strategy
For foreign suppliers, reverse charge can be advantageous from a cash flow and administrative perspective. Because you do not collect Danish VAT, you avoid financing output VAT and dealing with periodic VAT payments in Denmark for those transactions. At the same time, you may not be able to recover Danish input VAT unless you are registered or use the EU or non-EU VAT refund procedures.
A Danish fiscal representative can help you:
- Determine which of your supplies fall under reverse charge and which require Danish VAT registration
- Set up compliant invoicing and contract wording for Danish customers
- Coordinate Danish reverse charge treatment with your home-country VAT reporting
- Apply for VAT refunds where you incur Danish input VAT but are not established in Denmark
By correctly applying the reverse charge mechanism in Denmark, foreign suppliers can reduce unnecessary VAT registrations, minimise audit risks and maintain smooth relationships with Danish business customers.
VAT refunds and input VAT deduction for non-resident companies
Non-resident companies doing business in Denmark can often recover Danish VAT (moms) incurred on local costs, even if they are not established in the country. The rules and procedures differ depending on whether your business is established in another EU Member State or outside the EU, and whether you are VAT-registered in Denmark or not.
When can a foreign business deduct or reclaim Danish VAT?
Danish VAT on purchases and expenses can generally be recovered if:
- the costs are directly linked to your taxable business activities, and
- the expenses would be deductible if incurred by a Danish business, and
- you are not carrying out VAT-exempt activities without the right to deduction (for example certain financial or insurance services).
The standard Danish VAT rate is 25% and applies to most goods and services. Input VAT on these costs is in principle deductible, subject to specific restrictions (for example on business entertainment).
VAT refunds for non-resident companies not registered in Denmark
Foreign companies that are not required to register for VAT in Denmark can reclaim Danish VAT via the VAT refund procedures. The route depends on where your business is established:
- EU businesses use the EU VAT refund (Directive 2008/9/EC) procedure, submitting claims electronically via their home country tax portal.
- Non-EU businesses use the 13th Directive procedure, filing paper or electronic claims directly with the Danish Tax Agency, subject to reciprocity rules and additional documentation.
Minimum amounts and refund periods
Denmark applies minimum thresholds for VAT refund claims:
- For claims covering a period of at least three months but less than a full calendar year, the minimum refundable VAT amount is typically around the equivalent of EUR 400 (calculated in Danish kroner).
- For claims covering a full calendar year (or the remainder of a year), the minimum refundable VAT amount is generally around the equivalent of EUR 50.
Claims can usually cover a period between three months and one calendar year. Shorter periods are allowed if they correspond to the remainder of a calendar year.
Deadlines for submitting Danish VAT refund claims
For both EU and non-EU businesses, the general deadline to submit a claim for a given calendar year is:
- 30 September of the year following the refund period.
Missing this deadline typically results in the loss of the right to a refund for that period. A Danish fiscal representative can help ensure that all invoices are collected in time and that claims are submitted before the cut-off date.
Key documentation and invoice requirements
To obtain a VAT refund in Denmark, non-resident companies must provide:
- Correctly issued Danish VAT invoices showing:
- supplier’s name, address and Danish VAT number
- your company’s name and address
- invoice date and sequential number
- description of goods or services
- net amount, VAT rate (usually 25%) and VAT amount
- Proof of payment where required (for example bank statements for larger invoices)
- A valid VAT registration certificate from the country of establishment (for non-EU claims)
Scanned copies of invoices are normally sufficient for EU refund claims, while non-EU claimants may still be asked to provide original documents in certain cases.
Typical deductible and non-deductible expenses
Examples of costs on which Danish VAT is often recoverable for non-resident businesses include:
- Hotel accommodation and business travel within Denmark
- Participation fees for trade fairs, conferences and exhibitions
- Local transport, car rental and fuel (subject to specific limitations)
- Professional services such as legal, accounting and consultancy
- Marketing, advertising and promotional services
Certain expenses are partially or fully blocked for VAT deduction under Danish rules, for example:
- Business entertainment and representation costs
- Passenger cars used for mixed business and private purposes
- Expenses linked to VAT-exempt activities without right of deduction
A Danish VAT representative can review your cost structure and identify which items qualify for refund and which do not, reducing the risk of rejected claims.
Input VAT deduction for non-resident companies registered for Danish VAT
If your company is VAT-registered in Denmark (for example due to local stock, installation projects or B2C sales), you normally recover Danish input VAT through your periodic Danish VAT returns rather than via the refund schemes.
In this case:
- Input VAT on purchases used for your taxable activities in Denmark is deducted from the output VAT you charge on sales.
- If input VAT exceeds output VAT in a period, you can obtain a VAT refund directly through the VAT return.
- Deduction must follow the Danish rules on partial exemption and pro-rata where you have both taxable and exempt activities.
Filing frequency (monthly, quarterly or half-yearly) depends on your Danish turnover, and timely submission is crucial to avoid delays in refunds and potential penalties.
Role of a Danish fiscal representative in VAT refunds
A Danish fiscal representative can significantly streamline VAT recovery for non-resident companies by:
- Assessing whether you should register for VAT in Denmark or use the refund schemes only
- Checking Danish invoices for formal errors that could block deduction
- Preparing and submitting EU or 13th Directive refund claims with the correct codes and descriptions
- Monitoring deadlines and following up with the Danish Tax Agency on the status of refunds
- Advising on documentation retention and audit readiness
By coordinating Danish VAT refunds and input VAT deduction with your home-country VAT reporting, a tax representative helps you avoid double taxation, improve cash flow and stay compliant with Danish VAT legislation.
Consequences of non-compliance and typical VAT audit issues in Denmark
Non-compliance with Danish VAT rules can quickly become costly for foreign businesses. The Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen) actively monitors cross-border transactions, and errors are often identified through data matching with EU systems, customs data and local customers’ VAT returns. Understanding the main risks and typical audit findings helps you avoid penalties and protect your Danish business activities.
Main consequences of VAT non-compliance in Denmark
Failure to comply with Danish VAT obligations can lead to several financial and administrative consequences:
- Assessment of underpaid VAT – Skattestyrelsen can reassess your VAT returns and charge any VAT that should have been reported and paid, including on historic periods.
- Interest on late payment – Late VAT is subject to interest calculated by the tax authorities. Interest is not tax-deductible and is charged until the VAT is fully paid.
- Fines and surcharges – Incorrect, late or missing VAT returns can trigger fixed fines and percentage-based surcharges. Repeated or serious non-compliance can lead to significantly higher penalties.
- Blocking of VAT refunds – If your compliance history is weak or documentation is incomplete, the authorities may delay or deny input VAT refunds until issues are clarified.
- Joint liability of the fiscal representative – Where a fiscal representative is required, the representative can be held jointly and severally liable for unpaid Danish VAT, which usually results in stricter monitoring and demands for security deposits.
- Security deposits and guarantees – In risk cases, Skattestyrelsen may request a financial guarantee or deposit as a condition for VAT registration or continued activity in Denmark.
- Criminal proceedings in severe cases – Intentional VAT fraud, use of false invoices or systematic underreporting can lead to criminal charges, including substantial fines for the company and, in serious cases, personal liability for management.
In extreme situations, persistent non-compliance can result in deregistration for VAT in Denmark, which may effectively block your ability to trade with Danish customers in a compliant way.
Typical VAT audit triggers in Denmark
Danish VAT audits are often risk-based. Common triggers include:
- Large or unusual VAT refunds claimed by non-resident companies
- Significant fluctuations in turnover or VAT payable between reporting periods
- Regular late filing or late payment of VAT returns
- Mismatches between your Danish VAT returns and data reported by Danish customers or suppliers
- High volume of intra-Community supplies or acquisitions compared with declared Danish sales
- Activities in sectors with known VAT risks, such as construction, logistics, online marketplaces and electronics
Foreign companies with no physical presence in Denmark but substantial local sales are also more likely to be reviewed, especially where a fiscal representative is involved.
Frequent VAT audit findings for foreign businesses
During Danish VAT audits, the tax authorities typically focus on documentation, correct application of VAT rules and the consistency of your reporting. Common issues include:
1. Incorrect VAT registration and place of supply
Many foreign companies misjudge when they must register for VAT in Denmark. Typical problems are:
- Failure to register despite storing goods in Denmark or operating a local warehouse
- Incorrect assumption that all B2B services are subject to reverse charge, even when Danish VAT should be charged
- Misuse of OSS/IOSS schemes where a local Danish VAT registration is still required (for example, local stock or domestic B2B supplies)
Such errors usually lead to assessments of unpaid Danish VAT on past transactions, plus interest and penalties.
2. Incomplete or incorrect invoices
Danish VAT rules require specific invoice content, including the supplier’s Danish VAT number, customer details, invoice date, a clear description of goods or services, quantity, price, VAT rate and VAT amount. Typical audit issues are:
- Missing Danish VAT number on invoices where local VAT is charged
- Use of incorrect VAT rates (for example, applying 0% instead of the standard 25% rate)
- Missing reference to reverse charge where it should apply
- Invoices issued in a foreign language without sufficient clarity for the authorities
Incorrect invoices can lead to denial of input VAT deduction for your Danish customers and reassessment of your own VAT liability.
3. Wrong application of the 25% Danish VAT rate and exemptions
Denmark applies a single standard VAT rate of 25% and very few exemptions. Typical mistakes include:
- Treating services as VAT-exempt without a legal basis (for example, general consulting or IT services wrongly treated as financial or educational exemptions)
- Not charging Danish VAT on domestic sales because the customer has an EU VAT number, even though the supply is local
- Misunderstanding the rules for exports and intra-Community supplies, especially where transport documentation is weak
When exemptions are applied incorrectly, the authorities will usually reclassify the supplies as taxable at 25% and assess additional VAT.
4. Insufficient documentation for zero-rated supplies and cross-border trade
To apply 0% VAT on exports or intra-Community supplies, you must be able to prove that the goods have left Denmark. Frequent audit findings include:
- Missing or incomplete transport documentation (CMR, bills of lading, delivery notes)
- Unclear proof of the customer’s VAT status in another EU country
- Inconsistencies between invoices, transport documents and customs declarations
If the documentation is not sufficient, Skattestyrelsen may treat the supply as a domestic Danish sale subject to 25% VAT.
5. Errors in input VAT deduction
Foreign companies often face challenges in determining which costs are eligible for input VAT deduction in Denmark. Typical issues are:
- Deducting VAT on non-business or mixed-use expenses without proper allocation
- Claiming Danish VAT on invoices that do not meet formal requirements
- Deducting VAT on costs that are directly linked to VAT-exempt activities
During an audit, the authorities may reduce or deny input VAT and request repayment of previously refunded amounts, plus interest.
6. Late or incorrect VAT returns and EC sales listings
Denmark has strict filing deadlines for VAT returns, which vary depending on turnover and registration type. Common compliance issues are:
- Submitting VAT returns after the deadline or not at all for certain periods
- Omitting intra-Community supplies from EC sales listings (EU recapitulative statements)
- Reporting figures that do not match accounting records, customs data or counterparties’ declarations
These issues often lead to automatic penalties and may trigger a more detailed audit of several years.
7. Misuse or misunderstanding of the reverse charge mechanism
The reverse charge mechanism is widely used in Denmark, especially for cross-border B2B services and certain domestic supplies (for example, in construction). Typical mistakes include:
- Not applying reverse charge where required, and instead charging Danish VAT incorrectly
- Failing to self-account for Danish VAT on services received from foreign suppliers
- Incorrect VAT coding in ERP systems, leading to systematic underreporting
When reverse charge is not correctly applied, the authorities can assess both output VAT and deny input VAT until corrections are made.
How a Danish VAT representative helps reduce audit risks
A knowledgeable Danish VAT representative can significantly lower the risk of non-compliance and negative audit outcomes by:
- Ensuring that your Danish VAT registration, invoicing and reporting are aligned with current Danish and EU rules
- Reviewing contracts, supply chains and logistics flows to determine the correct place of supply and VAT treatment
- Setting up robust documentation procedures for exports, intra-Community supplies and reverse charge transactions
- Monitoring filing deadlines and payment dates to avoid late filing penalties and interest
- Preparing for potential audits, including organizing supporting documents and communicating with Skattestyrelsen on your behalf
By addressing these typical VAT audit issues proactively, foreign companies can operate in Denmark with greater certainty, avoid unexpected VAT assessments and maintain a positive compliance record with the Danish tax authorities.
Fiscal representation for e-commerce and digital services in Denmark
Danish VAT rules for e-commerce and digital services are strict and closely aligned with EU legislation, but they contain a number of Danish specifics that foreign businesses must observe. A Danish fiscal representative helps non-established companies navigate local VAT registration, invoicing, reporting and interaction with the Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen), so that online sales to Danish customers remain compliant and commercially efficient.
When online sellers need Danish VAT representation
Foreign businesses selling goods or services online to customers in Denmark may need a Danish VAT registration and, in some cases, a fiscal representative. This is particularly relevant if you:
- Sell goods B2C to Danish consumers via your own webshop or marketplaces and exceed the EU-wide distance selling threshold of EUR 10,000 (excluding VAT) per calendar year for cross-border B2C supplies of goods and certain services
- Store goods in Denmark (for example in a Danish warehouse or a marketplace fulfilment centre) and sell them to Danish customers
- Provide digital services (such as streaming, SaaS, apps, e-books, online courses or gaming) to Danish consumers and do not use the EU One Stop Shop (OSS) or Non-Union OSS schemes
- Act as an electronic interface (marketplace or platform) deemed to be the supplier for VAT purposes under EU rules
Non-EU businesses that register directly for Danish VAT are often required to appoint a fiscal representative, unless they opt for the Non-Union OSS scheme in another EU country for cross-border B2C digital services.
E-commerce of physical goods: VAT and customs aspects
For online sales of physical goods to Danish customers, the standard Danish VAT rate of 25% applies to most products. There are currently no reduced VAT rates in Denmark. A Danish fiscal representative supports e-commerce businesses with:
- Determining whether sales should be reported via local Danish VAT registration or via the EU OSS scheme in another Member State
- Registering for Danish VAT when goods are stored in Denmark or when local supplies occur
- Handling import VAT and customs clearance when goods are imported into Denmark from non-EU countries
- Applying the correct VAT treatment for B2B and B2C transactions, including reverse charge for eligible B2B supplies
- Ensuring invoices and order confirmations meet Danish VAT invoicing requirements
Where goods are imported into Denmark and then sold domestically, Danish VAT is normally due on the sale price, while import VAT can usually be deducted as input VAT if the business is properly registered and the goods are used for taxable activities.
Digital services and SaaS supplied to Danish customers
Digital services supplied to non-taxable persons (B2C) in Denmark are generally subject to Danish VAT at 25%, based on the customer’s location. This includes, among others:
- Software and SaaS solutions accessed online
- Streaming of music, films and other media
- Online gaming, in-app purchases and downloadable content
- Cloud services, data storage and hosting
- Downloadable e-books, digital publications and online courses
EU-established suppliers can use the Union OSS scheme to report Danish VAT on B2C digital services via a single return in their home Member State. Non-EU suppliers can use the Non-Union OSS scheme. A Danish fiscal representative is particularly relevant when:
- You choose or are required to register directly for Danish VAT instead of using OSS
- You combine digital services with locally supplied services or goods in Denmark
- You operate through a Danish permanent establishment or local branch
Marketplaces, platforms and deemed supplier rules
Electronic interfaces such as marketplaces, app stores and platforms may be treated as the deemed supplier for VAT purposes for certain B2C transactions. This can shift the VAT liability from the underlying seller to the platform. A Danish fiscal representative helps platforms to:
- Assess whether they are considered a deemed supplier for sales to Danish consumers
- Determine the correct VAT treatment for multi-party transactions involving sellers, platforms and customers
- Set up compliant invoicing flows and reporting structures for Danish VAT returns
- Coordinate Danish VAT obligations with OSS or IOSS reporting where applicable
Using OSS and IOSS versus local Danish VAT registration
For cross-border B2C e-commerce into Denmark, businesses can often choose between:
- Reporting Danish VAT via the EU OSS or IOSS schemes, or
- Registering directly for Danish VAT (with or without a fiscal representative, depending on the company’s status)
A Danish VAT representative assists in evaluating which option is more efficient from a tax and administrative perspective. Key considerations include:
- Whether goods are stored in Denmark or other EU countries
- The mix of B2B and B2C customers
- The value of consignments imported into the EU and eligibility for IOSS (for consignments not exceeding EUR 150)
- Existing VAT registrations in other EU Member States
Compliance, reporting and record-keeping for online businesses
E-commerce and digital service providers must comply with Danish VAT reporting and record-keeping obligations. Depending on turnover and the nature of activities, Danish VAT returns are typically filed monthly, quarterly or half-yearly. A fiscal representative usually:
- Prepares and submits periodic Danish VAT returns and, where applicable, EC Sales Lists and Intrastat declarations
- Monitors turnover thresholds that may affect reporting frequency or registration requirements
- Ensures that records of online transactions, customer locations, payment data and invoices are kept for the required retention period under Danish law
- Assists with VAT corrections, late filings and voluntary disclosures to minimise penalties and interest
Benefits of a Danish fiscal representative for e-commerce and digital services
For foreign online sellers, appointing a Danish fiscal representative reduces the risk of non-compliance and allows internal teams to focus on commercial growth. The representative provides local expertise on Danish VAT rules, supports communication with the Danish Tax Agency, and ensures that VAT treatment of complex online business models remains correct as regulations evolve.
Sector-specific VAT considerations (logistics, construction, SaaS, marketplaces)
VAT rules in Denmark are generally harmonised with EU law, but some sectors face specific practical and compliance challenges. Having a Danish VAT representative can be particularly valuable in industries such as logistics, construction, SaaS and online marketplaces, where cross-border supplies, complex supply chains and mixed services are common.
Logistics, warehousing and cross-border transport
Foreign logistics and transport operators often create a Danish VAT registration obligation when they store goods in Denmark, operate a warehouse or fulfil orders to Danish customers from Danish stock. Holding inventory in Denmark for local B2B or B2C sales is treated as a taxable presence for VAT purposes, even if the company has no permanent establishment for corporate tax.
International transport of goods is frequently subject to the reverse charge mechanism when supplied to Danish VAT-registered customers, but domestic transport and ancillary services (loading, unloading, handling, warehousing) are normally subject to 25% Danish VAT. A tax representative can help determine when transport services qualify for zero-rating (for example, directly linked to exports outside the EU) and when standard VAT must be charged.
Logistics businesses must also handle import VAT correctly. When goods are imported into Denmark from non-EU countries, import VAT is normally due at 25% on the customs value plus duties and certain costs. A Danish VAT representative can assist with EORI registration, customs declarations, postponed accounting of import VAT via the Danish VAT return and correct documentation to support zero-rated intra-Community supplies from Denmark to other EU countries.
Construction and installation services
The Danish construction sector is heavily affected by reverse charge rules and place-of-supply rules for services related to immovable property. When a foreign contractor performs construction, installation or assembly work on real estate located in Denmark for a Danish VAT-registered customer, the Danish reverse charge mechanism will often apply. In such cases, the Danish customer accounts for 25% VAT, but the foreign supplier may still need a Danish VAT number to recover input VAT on local costs such as materials, subcontractors or equipment rental.
For B2C projects (for example, work for private homeowners), the foreign supplier usually has to charge 25% Danish VAT on labour and materials, which requires Danish VAT registration. This includes renovation, repair, installation of technical systems and similar services physically carried out in Denmark. A VAT representative helps classify services correctly, determine whether the reverse charge applies and ensure that invoices meet Danish formal requirements, including correct wording and VAT identification numbers.
Construction projects often run over several reporting periods, with advance payments, retention amounts and change orders. Proper timing of VAT (tax point) is crucial: VAT is generally due when an invoice is issued or when payment is received, whichever comes first. A Danish VAT representative can set up routines for progress billing, self-billing arrangements and documentation of zero-rated supplies (for example, work directly linked to export projects) where applicable.
SaaS, cloud and other digital services
Suppliers of SaaS, cloud solutions, streaming, online platforms and other electronically supplied services face specific VAT rules in Denmark, especially when dealing with private consumers. For B2C supplies of digital services to Danish residents, the place of supply is Denmark, and 25% Danish VAT is generally due. Non-EU suppliers can use the non-Union OSS scheme, and EU suppliers can use the Union OSS scheme to report Danish VAT centrally, but some businesses still opt for local Danish VAT registration, especially when they have additional activities such as local marketing, events or mixed supplies.
For B2B digital services, the reverse charge mechanism usually applies when the customer is a Danish VAT-registered business. The foreign supplier does not charge Danish VAT but must issue an invoice stating that the reverse charge applies. A Danish VAT representative can help verify the VAT status of Danish customers, maintain evidence of B2B classification and ensure that the correct VAT treatment is applied when services are bundled (for example, software licence plus implementation or training).
SaaS providers often incur Danish costs such as local hosting, co-location, consultancy or marketing. With a Danish VAT registration, input VAT on these costs can usually be deducted, provided the services are used for taxable activities. A tax representative ensures that input VAT is correctly allocated, especially where the business also provides VAT-exempt services (for example, certain financial or insurance-related tools) that may limit deduction rights.
Marketplaces, platforms and intermediaries
Online marketplaces and digital platforms that facilitate sales to Danish customers must pay close attention to whether they act as disclosed agents or deemed suppliers for VAT purposes. Under EU e-commerce rules, certain platforms that facilitate B2C sales of goods or digital services can be treated as if they buy and resell the goods or services, which creates a direct Danish VAT obligation.
For distance sales of goods to Danish consumers, the EU-wide threshold of EUR 10,000 for cross-border B2C supplies of goods and digital services applies. Above this threshold, Danish VAT at 25% is due on sales to Danish consumers. Many marketplaces use the OSS scheme to declare Danish VAT, but where goods are stored in Denmark (for example, in a fulfilment centre), local Danish VAT registration is usually required regardless of the threshold.
Platforms that handle both goods and services, or that operate mixed models (commission, subscription, advertising, payment processing), must carefully analyse each revenue stream. Some fees may be subject to 25% VAT, while others may be VAT-exempt (for example, certain financial intermediation services). A Danish VAT representative can help map platform flows, determine who is the supplier for VAT purposes in each transaction and set up compliant invoicing and reporting processes.
How a Danish VAT representative supports sector-specific compliance
Across logistics, construction, SaaS and marketplaces, sector-specific VAT issues often involve a combination of place-of-supply rules, reverse charge mechanisms, import and export procedures and partial input VAT deduction. A Danish VAT representative can:
- Assess whether and when Danish VAT registration is required for your specific business model
- Set up correct VAT treatment for domestic, EU and non-EU transactions, including reverse charge and zero-rated supplies
- Handle import VAT, customs procedures and documentation for cross-border movements of goods
- Optimise input VAT recovery while respecting Danish limitations and sector-specific rules
- Prepare and submit accurate VAT returns, EC Sales Lists and other required reports within Danish deadlines
By addressing these sector-specific VAT considerations proactively, foreign businesses can reduce the risk of Danish VAT assessments, penalties and interest, while ensuring that their operations in Denmark remain commercially efficient and fully compliant.
Coordination between Danish VAT representation and home-country tax compliance
Operating in Denmark while remaining established in another country always creates a dual compliance reality: Danish VAT rules on one side and home-country tax obligations on the other. Effective coordination between your Danish VAT representative and your domestic tax adviser is essential to avoid double taxation, inconsistent reporting and penalties in either jurisdiction.
Aligning VAT registration and reporting in both countries
When your business becomes liable to register for VAT in Denmark, this registration must be reflected correctly in your home-country accounting and tax records. Typical coordination points include:
- Ensuring that your Danish VAT number is linked to the correct legal entity and permanent establishment status in your home country
- Classifying Danish sales correctly (e.g. local Danish supplies, intra-Community supplies, distance sales, B2B services) in both Danish and home-country VAT returns
- Avoiding double reporting of the same transaction as both a domestic sale and an export in your home country
- Ensuring that the same tax point (invoice date, delivery date, prepayment) is used consistently in both jurisdictions whenever possible
Consistent treatment of cross-border transactions
Cross-border supplies between Denmark and your home country often involve different VAT mechanisms, such as the reverse charge, intra-Community acquisitions or exports. Your Danish VAT representative should coordinate with your home-country adviser to ensure that:
- Intra-Community supplies from Denmark are reported as zero-rated in Denmark and as intra-Community acquisitions in the customer’s country
- Reverse charge services are reported symmetrically: no Danish VAT charged, but VAT accounted for by the customer in the country of establishment
- Chain transactions and triangulation are structured so that only one taxable supply is reported in Denmark where required
- Exports outside the EU are documented properly (transport documents, customs export declarations) to support zero-rating in Denmark and correct treatment in the destination country
Reconciling Danish VAT returns with home-country accounts
To maintain control over your global tax position, your Danish VAT filings should reconcile with your consolidated financial statements and home-country tax returns. Good practice includes:
- Mapping Danish VAT codes in your ERP or accounting system to both Danish and home-country tax reporting categories
- Regular reconciliation between Danish VAT returns, SAF-T or similar data exports, and your general ledger
- Documenting transfer pricing and intercompany charges that involve Danish transactions, so that VAT and corporate tax positions remain aligned
- Maintaining a clear audit trail showing how Danish turnover and VAT amounts feed into group-level revenue and tax disclosures
Input VAT deduction and cost allocation across jurisdictions
Foreign businesses registered in Denmark can usually deduct Danish input VAT on costs that relate to taxable activities. Coordination with home-country tax compliance is necessary to:
- Avoid claiming the same input VAT twice (once via Danish VAT return and again via a foreign VAT refund procedure)
- Allocate shared costs (e.g. marketing, IT, logistics) fairly between Danish and non-Danish activities, especially when some activities are VAT-exempt
- Apply correct partial deduction methods where your business has both taxable and exempt supplies in Denmark and in your home country
- Ensure that capital goods and long-term contracts are treated consistently for VAT and corporate tax depreciation purposes
Managing VAT reporting frequencies and deadlines
Danish VAT reporting frequency depends on your Danish turnover, and may differ from the reporting cycle in your home country. To avoid missed deadlines and cash-flow surprises, your Danish VAT representative should:
- Integrate Danish VAT deadlines into your group tax calendar alongside home-country VAT, corporate tax and statistical filings
- Coordinate internal data cut-off dates so that sales, purchase and inventory data are available in time for both Danish and home-country returns
- Plan for payment dates to the Danish tax authorities and potential VAT refunds, aligning them with group treasury and cash-flow forecasts
Data, documentation and audit readiness
Tax authorities in both Denmark and your home country may request detailed transaction data, contracts and documentation. Coordination ensures that:
- Invoices, contracts and transport documents meet Danish formal requirements and also satisfy home-country standards
- Electronic records and ERP setups allow extraction of Danish-specific reports without disrupting group reporting
- Positions taken in Danish VAT returns (e.g. place of supply, use of exemptions, application of reverse charge) are documented and consistent with positions taken in your home country
- Responses to Danish audits or enquiries are aligned with any ongoing reviews or audits in your home jurisdiction
Internal responsibilities and communication
Effective coordination is not only a technical issue but also an organisational one. To minimise risk, your company should:
- Designate a central tax contact who liaises with both the Danish VAT representative and home-country advisers
- Define clear responsibilities for data provision, invoice approval and classification of cross-border transactions
- Implement internal controls to validate VAT treatment on Danish sales and purchases before they are posted
- Regularly review cross-border flows (goods, services, digital products) to identify when changes in business models trigger new Danish VAT obligations
By ensuring close cooperation between your Danish VAT representative and your home-country tax team, you create a coherent, defensible VAT position across all jurisdictions in which you operate. This reduces the risk of assessments, interest and penalties, while supporting accurate financial reporting and predictable cash flow.
Costs and fee structures for Danish fiscal representation services
Costs for Danish fiscal representation depend mainly on your business model, transaction volume and the level of support you need. Understanding the typical fee structure helps you budget correctly and compare offers from different providers.
Main types of fees for Danish VAT representation
Most Danish tax representatives use a combination of fixed and variable fees. In practice, you will usually encounter the following elements:
- Onboarding and VAT registration fee – a one-off fee for obtaining a Danish VAT number, registering for relevant schemes (e.g. import, OSS/IOSS if applicable) and setting up your account in the representative’s systems.
- Ongoing compliance fee – a recurring monthly or quarterly fee covering preparation and filing of Danish VAT returns, EC Sales Lists (if relevant) and basic correspondence with the Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen).
- Transaction-based or volume-based fees – additional charges when the number of invoices, transactions or import declarations exceeds a certain threshold agreed in the contract.
- Ad hoc advisory fees – hourly or project-based fees for complex VAT questions, rulings, restructuring of supply chains or support during audits.
- Representation and power-of-attorney management – fees for acting as your official contact point towards Danish authorities, including handling queries, appeals and clarifications.
Typical price ranges on the Danish market
Actual prices vary between providers and depend on the complexity of your operations, but the following ranges are common benchmarks for non-established businesses:
- One-off VAT registration and onboarding: typically from EUR 400–1,200 for straightforward cases, higher for complex supply chains or multiple registrations.
- Standard ongoing compliance (low volume, e.g. a few dozen invoices per period): often from EUR 150–350 per filing period, depending on whether you file monthly, quarterly or half-yearly.
- Higher-volume or multi-channel e-commerce: pricing is frequently customised, with base packages plus volume tiers once you exceed a defined number of transactions or sales channels.
- Advisory and audit support: usually billed hourly, often in the range of EUR 120–250 per hour, depending on the seniority of the specialist.
For businesses with simple, low-volume activities in Denmark, total annual costs can remain relatively modest. Companies with complex cross-border flows, warehousing, consignment stock or marketplace operations should expect higher fees due to increased compliance work and risk management.
Security deposits and guarantees
Because a Danish fiscal representative can be held jointly and severally liable for your Danish VAT debts in certain situations, some providers require a financial guarantee. This can take the form of:
- a refundable security deposit held by the representative, or
- a bank guarantee or insurance guarantee issued in favour of the representative.
The size of the guarantee is usually linked to your expected Danish turnover, the level of VAT payable and your compliance history. It is important to clarify whether the guarantee is mandatory, how it is calculated and under which conditions it can be reduced or released.
What is included in the fee – and what is not
When comparing offers, focus not only on the headline price but also on the scope of services. A transparent proposal should clearly state whether the following are included:
- Preparation and submission of all mandatory Danish VAT returns within the correct deadlines
- Monitoring of filing frequencies and changes in Danish VAT rules that affect your business
- Handling of routine correspondence with Skattestyrelsen
- Support with import VAT, customs declarations and EORI-related matters, if relevant
- Assistance with VAT refunds and input VAT deduction for Danish costs
Additional services that are often not included in the standard package and may be billed separately include detailed VAT reviews, custom reporting for your internal systems, representation in complex audits or disputes, and training for your in-house finance team.
Factors that influence your total cost
Key drivers of the overall cost of Danish fiscal representation are:
- Business model – B2B vs B2C, physical goods vs digital services, use of warehouses or fulfilment centres in Denmark.
- Turnover and transaction volume – more invoices and more complex flows require more work and increase the representative’s risk exposure.
- Number of sales channels – own webshop, marketplaces, local distributors and platforms all add complexity.
- Data quality and systems – clean, structured data from your ERP or e-commerce platform reduces manual work and can lower fees.
- Risk profile – industries with frequent audits or complex VAT rules (e.g. construction, logistics, SaaS, marketplaces) may attract higher fees.
How to compare offers from Danish VAT representatives
To make an informed choice, request a written proposal that sets out:
- all fixed and variable fees, including minimum charges per period
- what is included in the standard package and what triggers extra billing
- any security deposit or guarantee requirements and how they are calculated
- notice periods, indexation clauses and conditions for fee adjustments
- service levels, response times and who will be your day-to-day contact
Well-structured, transparent pricing helps you avoid unexpected costs and ensures that your Danish VAT obligations are handled efficiently and reliably over the long term.
Checklist for appointing and onboarding a Danish VAT representative
Appointing a Danish VAT representative is a formal process that affects your company’s tax risk, cash flow and access to the Danish market. The checklist below helps you structure the selection and onboarding so that your VAT registration in Denmark is compliant from day one.
1. Define your Danish VAT profile and needs
Before you contact potential representatives, clarify how you will operate in Denmark. This will determine the type of VAT registration and the scope of services you require.
- Confirm whether you are a non-established business (no fixed establishment, no Danish PE) or have a permanent presence in Denmark
- Identify the type of transactions: B2B, B2C, distance sales, e-commerce, digital services, call-off stock, consignment stock, installation services, import and export
- Estimate expected annual turnover in Denmark and typical invoice values
- Check whether you will use local Danish VAT registration, OSS/IOSS, or a combination
- Determine whether you need assistance with customs, import VAT, Intrastat and EC Sales Lists (if applicable)
2. Verify whether fiscal representation is mandatory for you
Not all foreign companies are required to appoint a Danish fiscal representative. However, for many non-EU businesses it is either mandatory or strongly recommended.
- Confirm your country of establishment (EU, EEA, or non-EU/EEA)
- Check whether Denmark requires a fiscal representative for your country (especially if there is no mutual assistance agreement with the EU)
- Assess whether banks, marketplaces or logistics partners require you to have a local VAT representative as a contractual condition
- Consider appointing a representative voluntarily if you lack in-house knowledge of Danish VAT rules and reporting systems
3. Shortlist and pre-screen Danish VAT representatives
Once you know your needs, create a shortlist of providers with proven experience in Danish VAT compliance for foreign entities.
- Check that the provider is established in Denmark and has a valid Danish CVR/VAT number
- Review their experience with companies from your sector (e-commerce, logistics, SaaS, manufacturing, construction, marketplaces)
- Ask for references from foreign clients with a similar business model and transaction volume
- Verify whether they are authorised to act as fiscal representative and to communicate with the Danish Tax Agency (Skattestyrelsen) on your behalf
- Confirm that they use secure digital tools for filing VAT returns and storing documentation
4. Assess scope of services and responsibility split
A clear division of tasks between your company and the Danish VAT representative is essential to avoid errors and penalties.
- Define which tasks the representative will perform: VAT registration, periodic VAT returns, EC Sales Lists, Intrastat, import VAT handling, tax authority correspondence, VAT refund claims
- Clarify which tasks remain with you: issuing compliant invoices, maintaining primary accounting records, providing timely transaction data
- Check whether the representative offers advisory services on VAT rates (standard 25% and any applicable exemptions), place-of-supply rules and reverse charge mechanisms
- Agree on response times for queries from the Danish Tax Agency and for internal questions from your finance team
5. Review contractual terms and liability
In Denmark, a fiscal representative may share liability for VAT with the foreign company. The contract should clearly describe this risk allocation.
- Confirm whether the representative assumes joint and several liability for Danish VAT and under what conditions
- Review limitations of liability, caps, and exclusions in the service agreement
- Check whether the representative holds professional indemnity insurance and in what amount
- Ensure the contract covers handling of audits, corrections, voluntary disclosures and appeals
- Agree on termination conditions, notice periods and handover procedures if you change provider or deregister
6. Understand fees and how they relate to your activity
Transparent pricing helps you budget and compare providers fairly.
- Identify one-off fees: VAT registration, obtaining a Danish E-tax login, initial tax risk review
- Clarify recurring fees: monthly or quarterly VAT compliance, EC Sales Lists, Intrastat, ongoing advisory
- Ask about variable fees linked to transaction volume, number of invoices or additional filings
- Check whether representation in audits, appeals or complex rulings is included or billed separately
- Confirm how and when invoices are issued and in which currency
7. Prepare documentation for Danish VAT registration
Your representative will usually handle the registration process, but you must provide accurate and complete documentation.
- Certificate of incorporation or extract from the commercial register of your home country
- Articles of association or equivalent corporate documents
- Proof of the company’s registered address and, if applicable, Danish fixed establishment details
- Identification documents for directors and authorised signatories
- Power of attorney authorising the representative to act before the Danish Tax Agency
- Business description: products/services, customer types, expected turnover and start date of taxable activities in Denmark
- Bank account details for VAT refunds and payments
8. Set up internal processes and data flows
Efficient cooperation with your Danish VAT representative depends on timely and accurate data exchange.
- Decide how you will share transaction data: exports from your ERP, accounting software, or e-commerce platform
- Agree on file formats, data fields and cut-off dates for each VAT period
- Ensure your invoicing system can issue invoices that meet Danish VAT requirements (including VAT number, correct VAT rate, reverse charge wording where applicable)
- Set internal deadlines for providing data to the representative ahead of Danish filing deadlines
- Define who in your organisation is responsible for communication with the representative
9. Align with Danish VAT deadlines and reporting frequency
Missing deadlines can lead to interest and penalties, so your internal calendar must match Danish rules.
- Confirm your VAT reporting frequency in Denmark (monthly, quarterly or half-yearly), based on expected turnover
- Note the standard deadlines for filing VAT returns and paying VAT, and integrate them into your finance calendar
- Check whether you have Intrastat or EC Sales List obligations and their respective submission deadlines
- Agree who monitors changes in Danish VAT rules and how these are communicated to your team
10. Establish controls, audit trail and documentation retention
Good documentation protects you in case of a Danish VAT audit and supports correct input VAT deduction.
- Implement a process for reviewing VAT returns prepared by the representative before submission
- Ensure that all invoices, contracts, transport documents and import/export records are stored in a way that meets Danish retention requirements
- Maintain clear evidence for VAT exemptions, zero-rating and reverse charge transactions
- Agree how corrections, late invoices and credit notes are handled in subsequent VAT periods
11. Plan for changes in your Danish activities
Your Danish VAT position will evolve as your business grows. Your representative should be able to support this development.
- Inform the representative in advance about new sales channels, warehouses, marketplaces or logistics hubs in Denmark
- Review your VAT registration type and reporting frequency when turnover increases or your business model changes
- Discuss the VAT impact of new products, services or pricing models before launch
- Ensure that any change of company details (name, address, directors, bank account) is promptly reported to the Danish Tax Agency
By following this checklist, you can appoint and onboard a Danish VAT representative in a structured way, reduce the risk of non-compliance and ensure that your VAT obligations in Denmark are handled efficiently and transparently.
Advantages of having a tax representative in Denmark
In Denmark, tax representation provides benefits that extend beyond just the registration of a foreign supplier. It mainly focuses on easing the VAT management burden during imports while also lowering administrative costs for the foreign supplier.
Acting as a proxy for the foreign supplier, the Danish fiscal representative ensures that their rights and obligations are upheld. Hiring a VAT representative can lead to lower costs and faster delivery to European customers, along with various other benefits. Furthermore, the representative assumes responsibility and partial liability for VAT related to the movement of goods.
As a foreign company, you can take advantage of the reverse-charge mechanism for imports by appointing a tax representative. Nonetheless, you remain responsible for your own tax obligations. By selecting a fiscal tax representative, you can assign them the responsibility of fulfilling these obligations on your behalf.

